The Army of Virginia. Called to the east because of his successes at Island Number 10 and Corinth, John Pope was given command of forces under Nathaniel Banks, Irvin McDowell and Franz Sigel—all of whom had been embarrassed by Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley. These formerly independent commands were now reconstituted as the Army of Virginia.

The Army of Virginia. Called to the east because of his successes at Island Number 10 and Corinth, John Pope was given command of forces under Nathaniel Banks, Irvin McDowell and Franz Sigel—all of whom had been embarrassed by Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley. These formerly independent commands were now reconstituted as the Army of Virginia.

The Army of Virginia. Called to the east because of his successes at Island Number 10 and Corinth, John Pope was given command of forces under Nathaniel Banks, Irvin McDowell and Franz Sigel—all of whom had been embarrassed by Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley. These formerly independent commands were now reconstituted as the Army of Virginia.

The Battle of Cedar Mountain. The Confederate victory at Cedar Mountain on August 9, 1862 was the springboard that allowed Robert E. Lee to take the war to Northern Virginia.

Did you know? The Civil War Trust has saved 151 acres of land at the Cedar Mountain battlefield.

The Battle of Cedar Mountain. The Confederate victory at Cedar Mountain on August 9, 1862 was the springboard that allowed Robert E. Lee to take the war to Northern Virginia.

Did you know? The Civil War Trust has saved 151 acres of land at the Cedar Mountain battlefield.

The Battle of Cedar Mountain. The Confederate victory at Cedar Mountain on August 9, 1862 was the springboard that allowed Robert E. Lee to take the war to Northern Virginia.

Did you know? The Civil War Trust has saved 151 acres of land at the Cedar Mountain battlefield.

Liquor. Jackson's Confederates had captured a large supply of whiskey at the Federal depot at Manassas Junction. Concerned over widespread drunkenness, Jackson ordered the destruction of the cache of liquor, saying "I fear that liquor more than General Pope's army."

Liquor. Jackson's Confederates had captured a large supply of whiskey at the Federal depot at Manassas Junction. Concerned over widespread drunkenness, Jackson ordered the destruction of the cache of liquor, saying "I fear that liquor more than General Pope's army."

Liquor. Jackson's Confederates had captured a large supply of whiskey at the Federal depot at Manassas Junction. Concerned over widespread drunkenness, Jackson ordered the destruction of the cache of liquor, saying "I fear that liquor more than General Pope's army."

Thoroughfare Gap. Lee had taken a great gamble in allowing Jackson's forces to maneuver so far away from the rest of his army. James Longstreet's 25,000-man corps brushed aside James Ricketts' 5,000 man division at Thoroughfare Gap on August 28, 1862. Longstreet's forces were thus able to reach the Second Manassas battlefield and deliver a crushing flank assault on August 30, 1862.

Thoroughfare Gap. Lee had taken a great gamble in allowing Jackson's forces to maneuver so far away from the rest of his army. James Longstreet's 25,000-man corps brushed aside James Ricketts' 5,000 man division at Thoroughfare Gap on August 28, 1862. Longstreet's forces were thus able to reach the Second Manassas battlefield and deliver a crushing flank assault on August 30, 1862.

Thoroughfare Gap. Lee had taken a great gamble in allowing Jackson's forces to maneuver so far away from the rest of his army. James Longstreet's 25,000-man corps brushed aside James Ricketts' 5,000 man division at Thoroughfare Gap on August 28, 1862. Longstreet's forces were thus able to reach the Second Manassas battlefield and deliver a crushing flank assault on August 30, 1862.

The Battle of Ox Hill. Ox Hill is one of the alternate names for the Battle of Chantilly which occurred on September 1, 1862 in Fairfax County, Virginia.

Did you know? The loss of much of the Ox Hill battlefield was the genesis of the modern Civil War battlefield preservation movement.

The Battle of Ox Hill. Ox Hill is one of the alternate names for the Battle of Chantilly which occurred on September 1, 1862 in Fairfax County, Virginia.

Did you know? The loss of much of the Ox Hill battlefield was the genesis of the modern Civil War battlefield preservation movement.

The Battle of Ox Hill. Ox Hill is one of the alternate names for the Battle of Chantilly which occurred on September 1, 1862 in Fairfax County, Virginia.

Did you know? The loss of much of the Ox Hill battlefield was the genesis of the modern Civil War battlefield preservation movement.

The Iron Brigade. These western troops, who wore distinctive Hardee hats, would also become known at the Black Hat brigade. Their reputation as fierce fighters would be burnished at places like South Mountain, Antietam, and Gettysburg

The Iron Brigade. These western troops, who wore distinctive Hardee hats, would also become known at the Black Hat brigade. Their reputation as fierce fighters would be burnished at places like South Mountain, Antietam, and Gettysburg

The Iron Brigade. These western troops, who wore distinctive Hardee hats, would also become known at the Black Hat brigade. Their reputation as fierce fighters would be burnished at places like South Mountain, Antietam, and Gettysburg

Richard S. Ewell. While scouting in front of his division, Ewell, one of Jackson's most efficient subordinates, was struck by a ball in the knee-cap, a wound that necessitated amputation. Ewell's battlefield performance would never be the same.

Richard S. Ewell. While scouting in front of his division, Ewell, one of Jackson's most efficient subordinates, was struck by a ball in the knee-cap, a wound that necessitated amputation. Ewell's battlefield performance would never be the same.

Richard S. Ewell. While scouting in front of his division, Ewell, one of Jackson's most efficient subordinates, was struck by a ball in the knee-cap, a wound that necessitated amputation. Ewell's battlefield performance would never be the same.

Horseshoe Ridge. Horseshoe Ridge is a feature of the Chickamauga battlefield.

Horseshoe Ridge. Horseshoe Ridge is a feature of the Chickamauga battlefield.

Horseshoe Ridge. Horseshoe Ridge is a feature of the Chickamauga battlefield.

Groveton. A small collection of houses known as Groveton was the site of a twilight clash between John B. Hood's Confederates and Federals under Irwin McDowell.

Groveton. A small collection of houses known as Groveton was the site of a twilight clash between John B. Hood's Confederates and Federals under Irwin McDowell.

Groveton. A small collection of houses known as Groveton was the site of a twilight clash between John B. Hood's Confederates and Federals under Irwin McDowell.

An Unfinished Railroad. Jackson's men were able to utilize an unfinished railroad bed as a strong defensive line at Second Manassas. The unfinished railroad bed acted as a ready-made defensive trench for the Confederates.

Did you know? The Civil War Trust in July 2011 began work on a preservation campaign to save 44 acres near Jackson's unfinished railroad line.

An Unfinished Railroad. Jackson's men were able to utilize an unfinished railroad bed as a strong defensive line at Second Manassas. The unfinished railroad bed acted as a ready-made defensive trench for the Confederates.

Did you know? The Civil War Trust in July 2011 began work on a preservation campaign to save 44 acres near Jackson's unfinished railroad line.

An Unfinished Railroad. Jackson's men were able to utilize an unfinished railroad bed as a strong defensive line at Second Manassas. The unfinished railroad bed acted as a ready-made defensive trench for the Confederates.

Did you know? The Civil War Trust in July 2011 began work on a preservation campaign to save 44 acres near Jackson's unfinished railroad line.

Rocks. As the Confederates of Bradley Johnson's brigade began to expend their last rounds, a man from the brigade's Irish battalion was heard to exclaim "Boys, give them rocks!" The Southerners began to pelt their attackers with stones from the railroad bed. Fortunately for Johnson's men, reinforcements soon arrived and the crisis was averted.

Rocks. As the Confederates of Bradley Johnson's brigade began to expend their last rounds, a man from the brigade's Irish battalion was heard to exclaim "Boys, give them rocks!" The Southerners began to pelt their attackers with stones from the railroad bed. Fortunately for Johnson's men, reinforcements soon arrived and the crisis was averted.

Rocks. As the Confederates of Bradley Johnson's brigade began to expend their last rounds, a man from the brigade's Irish battalion was heard to exclaim "Boys, give them rocks!" The Southerners began to pelt their attackers with stones from the railroad bed. Fortunately for Johnson's men, reinforcements soon arrived and the crisis was averted.

The 5th New York. The colorfully attired and outnumbered men of the 5th New York -- Duryee's Zouaves -- were assaulted by John Bell Hood's famous Texas Brigade. During their gallant stand, the New Yorkers lost 123 killed in just eight minutes, one of the highest recorded regimental losses during any battle of the Civil War.

The 5th New York. The colorfully attired and outnumbered men of the 5th New York -- Duryee's Zouaves -- were assaulted by John Bell Hood's famous Texas Brigade. During their gallant stand, the New Yorkers lost 123 killed in just eight minutes, one of the highest recorded regimental losses during any battle of the Civil War.

The 5th New York. The colorfully attired and outnumbered men of the 5th New York -- Duryee's Zouaves -- were assaulted by John Bell Hood's famous Texas Brigade. During their gallant stand, the New Yorkers lost 123 killed in just eight minutes, one of the highest recorded regimental losses during any battle of the Civil War.

Henry Hill. Longstreet's forces were to stave in the Federal left flank and to seize Henry Hill, scene of much of the fighting from the Battle of First Manassas (Bull Run). Longstreet's forces would reach the base of this hill, but would be unable to take it on August 30, 1862.

Henry Hill. Longstreet's forces were to stave in the Federal left flank and to seize Henry Hill, scene of much of the fighting from the Battle of First Manassas (Bull Run). Longstreet's forces would reach the base of this hill, but would be unable to take it on August 30, 1862.

Henry Hill. Longstreet's forces were to stave in the Federal left flank and to seize Henry Hill, scene of much of the fighting from the Battle of First Manassas (Bull Run). Longstreet's forces would reach the base of this hill, but would be unable to take it on August 30, 1862.

Fitz John Porter. John Pope found Fitz John Porter to be the ideal scapegoat for the Federal debacle at Second Manassas. Not only had Porter led the failed attack at the Deep Cut, but he was also a fervent supporter of Pope's chief rival, Maj. Gen. George McClellan. Porter was subsequently court-martialed and cashiered from the army in January 1863.

Fitz John Porter. John Pope found Fitz John Porter to be the ideal scapegoat for the Federal debacle at Second Manassas. Not only had Porter led the failed attack at the Deep Cut, but he was also a fervent supporter of Pope's chief rival, Maj. Gen. George McClellan. Porter was subsequently court-martialed and cashiered from the army in January 1863.

Fitz John Porter. John Pope found Fitz John Porter to be the ideal scapegoat for the Federal debacle at Second Manassas. Not only had Porter led the failed attack at the Deep Cut, but he was also a fervent supporter of Pope's chief rival, Maj. Gen. George McClellan. Porter was subsequently court-martialed and cashiered from the army in January 1863.

Construction of a casino next to Sudley Springs. Despite the great historical significance of the Manassas battlefield, the fast growing Northern Virginia landscape continues to exert great pressure upon this historic landscape. Efforts to save and preserve more of this vanishing landscape are thus of great interest to preservationists and the Civil War Trust.

Construction of a casino next to Sudley Springs. Despite the great historical significance of the Manassas battlefield, the fast growing Northern Virginia landscape continues to exert great pressure upon this historic landscape. Efforts to save and preserve more of this vanishing landscape are thus of great interest to preservationists and the Civil War Trust.

Construction of a casino next to Sudley Springs. Despite the great historical significance of the Manassas battlefield, the fast growing Northern Virginia landscape continues to exert great pressure upon this historic landscape. Efforts to save and preserve more of this vanishing landscape are thus of great interest to preservationists and the Civil War Trust.